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The purpose of this research study was to find out and compare the professional attitude of prospective teachers of B.Ed. session (2012-2013) enrolled in public and private institutions of campuses of University of Education and private teacher training colleges affiliated with University of Education. The population for this research study consisted of all the prospective teachers of B.Ed. session (2012-2013) who were completing their academic courses and training. Out of the population, the researchers drew out 240 prospective teachers using convenience sampling technique, 120 prospective teachers were selected from public and 120 from private teacher training institutions. For the purpose of data collection, “Attitude Scale towards the Profession of Teaching (Ustuner, 2006)”, was used. Analyses, although, reveal that there is no significant difference in the level of professional attitude of prospective teachers of both institutions but gender-wise the prospective teachers show statistically significant differences in their level of professional attitude. Male prospective teachers of private institutions show less positive professional attitudes than male and female prospective teachers of public sector.

Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program and deterrence capability has attracted negative perceptions due to Pakistan’s internal turmoil, proliferation allegations, historical tensions with India, and recent development of Short Range Ballistic Missiles. These perceptions do not factor in Pakistan’s security compulsions in the region due to India’s changing strategic orientations and major power ambitions in South Asia. Pakistan’s has taken efforts to showcase itself as a responsible nuclear weapons state as it attempts to overcome these misperceptions with gradual transparency. Pakistan values strategic stability in South Asia and deterrence credibility towards India across all spectrums. Yet, the nuclear relationship in South Asia remains under flux and constantly shifting due to the changing security challenges and rise of violent non-state actors.

Women status is a scorching issue in the underdeveloped countries, like Pakistan, for last six decades. This article is a descriptive review of women status in Pakistan. In this article, the situation of women in Pakistan with regard to their poor health conditions, educational status, economic conditions, and violence against them will be discussed. The role and the situation for women in a customary society of Pakistan include a great suffering. They suffer not only due to cultural constraints prevailing in the country, but also due to the government’s unwillingness to uplift women's status. Even being a signatory to different international commitments and having national policies to ensure gender equality, the domestic policies are still unable to protect women from violence in Pakistan. There is a discernible gap between the policy making in the country and their implementation mechanism, resulting in the poor status of women in the country.

The study presented a comparative view of the higher education sector of UK, USA, and France in line with the societal demand on labour market. Secondary sources of data were used. Focus of the study was to investigate the (economic) performance of university graduates in the labour market. Findings of the study helped to conclude that there was a growing gap. There was an obvious lesson to be learnt for the countries like Pakistan.

The dawn of 1970s observed trendy foreign policy by the leadership of the Muslim World. Following the 1967 Arab-Israel War the Muslim countries entered into a new era of political and socio-economic cooperation through a joint platform of Organization of Islamic Conference. Arab-Israel conflict became the immediate cause of its formation, and the initial fervour, emotions were manifested in high aspirations at Lahore, in 1974. The emerging young leadership represented largely the general support of their respective countries. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan, Colonel Qaddafi of Libya, President Houari Boumedienne of Algeria, Shah Faisal of Saudi Arabia, Jafar al Namiri of Sudan, and PLO’s Yasser Arafat were at the top of the pyramid. They tried to configure an independent Muslim World Order by exploring alternatives other than becoming a US or a Soviet client or with the new defunct Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). The prospects for future of the Muslim Ummah seemed progressive, however, the aura of this leadership dispersed soon as this leadership got through ill fate leaving their followers dispersed on the way to achieve the proposed objectives in the 1974 Summit. This study makes an effort to explore why this aura has wiped out gradually, portraying these leaders culprits in their own homelands.

Book review: Margaret Alston and Wendy Bowles, Research for Social Workers: An introduction to methods 2nd Edition, South Wind Productions, Singapore, 2003.

This paper aims at investigating the form and function of T.S. Eliot’s favourite artistic technique i.e. free repetition of form in Ash-Wednesday. Well aware of the strategic use of verbal choices in poetic art, Eliot consciously appropriated two distinguished categories of traditional rhetoric: epizeuxis and ploce. These two modes of exact copying of some previous part of the text stand for immediate repetition and intermittent repetition, respectively. They operate at a word level, phrase level and clause level in the language of the poem under analysis. The acceptance and respect this modern poet of the previous century continues to enjoy greatly owes to his mature artistic sensibility that is actualised through the formal devices he used. The hypothesised functions that these two means of free verbal repetition perform are: to estrange the poetic discourse for enlisting the reader, to stress some idea, to convey the size and depth of the emotion or thought, to enpasulise some discussion, to turn the poetic argument into a debate, and sometimes to emphasise the helplessness of the modern man. A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry by Leech (1989) is selected to work as the theoretical frame work for the present study. The research project is expected to define and determine the aesthetic role of free verbal repetition in the creation, effectiveness and suggestiveness of Eliot’s poetic art.