Archives

The paper aims to unfold the development of National Integration under Margaret Thatcher's leadership. National Integration has been considered a buttress of nationalism. It is a prerequisite for peace, political stability, and economic prosperity. National integration played a pivotal part in the progression of nation-building. However, it is a complex phenomenon and is always influenced and driven by indigenous cultural realities in every country or region. The present paper analyzes the key components of National Integration and their relation with the emergency of Thatcherism. Basically, it focuses on two components—first, the consolidation of nationalism, and second, political integration. The study explores to what extent these components lead to National Integration. It also emphasizes political actions, political policies, and intra-party policies, which channelized the Conservative Party's electoral success under Margaret Thatcher's leadership. Moreover, it ponders upon the bold critical decision taken by Ms Thatcher and the aftermaths of these decisions on the process of national integration. The study primarily necessitates an approach that is both descriptive and analytical, with a specific emphasis on the interpretation aspect. Therefore, to effectively convey the information, a methodology that combines description and analysis is employed to provide a comprehensive account.

Cultural heritage of subcontinent covers a variety of tangible and intangible cultural attributes. A cherished culture gives a sense of pride and identity to the present as well as future generations of the country. Subcontinent is a land of magnificent architectural monuments, art and archives, names and nomenclature, fiction and literary works. Partition of Subcontinent in 1947 due to atrocious British Rule left bloody marks on cultural heritage of subcontinent as it caused mass migration and annihilated victims of partition and cultural assets across the borders. These pains of partition have been reflected in language and literature of both countries. After partition, governments and people of diverse communities did not pay much heed to respect and safeguard the cultural heritage of each other. Religious and communal disharmony left striking marks on cultural homogeneity among different segments of society after partition in the subcontinent. Present study is highly significant as it will come up with the best possible outcomes for preservation of cultural heritage in the subcontinent especially by eliminating the scares of religious antagonism and communal riots caused by the process of partition. The study has followed the exploratory and qualitative methodology for the research.

The study investigates the transitivity patterns in the short narrative A Beheading (2010) by Mohsin Hamid to understand how language plays a role in the ideation of our world experience. This study aims to discover and illustrate how various processes and situations are represented in this interior monologue while also determining how frequently and what kinds of processes are employed in the text. The analysis shows that all six processes are employed in the narrative at varying frequencies. The most common uses of the material and mental processes are to provide the readers with a psychological impression of the protagonist's perplexity, panic, regret, hope, and dissonant banality, and to arouse empathy for the character. The circumstance of location is most often used to refer to the location of events among the four circumstances of manner, time, accompaniment, and location. This research follows Halliday (1985, 1994, 2004, 2014) and Eggins (2004) in classifying processes, participants and circumstances, which are employed to illustrate the characterization of the protagonist as a victim of brutality. The transitivity experiences of this character reveal and criticize the way influential political and religious personalities victimize journalists and writers.

Populist mode of governance has remained a significant element of a democratic form of government. Unfortunately, democratic norms could not get flourished well in developing polities. The same is the case for Pakistan where long authoritative military rules in the state. The period of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto is considered the first populist regime in Pakistan’s political history. The paper attempts to analyze the governance under the premiership of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to ensure political development in the state. The study concludes with the fact that Bhutto was the first political figure who laid the foundation of populism in Pakistan. He adopted many fruitful strategies but they all proved short-term and cosmetic in nature. The real required efforts for political development could not be ensured.

The study is an investigation to analyse and portray the treatment of females as compared to their male counterparts in the Turkish patriarchal society. By applying the critical framework of Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA) as postulate by Lazar (2007, 2005a, 2005b), the study focuses on The Bastard of Istanbul (2006) by ElifShafak to reveal how the themes of marginalization and patriarchy are woven into the text. The exploration is done through the investigation of linguistic choices made by the author to portray characters in her novel and their treatment by male characters and/or society. Passages bearing the themes of marginalization, and patriarchal treatment are purposefully chosen for the analysis. The selected passages are analysed critically, which lead to the revelation of patriarchal practices in Turkish society that shape the identity of a woman who is the "other".

Elected governments in the western and developed democracy may be removed through a vote of no confidence or popular protests. If the motion succeeds, then the party in power is compelled to replace the head of government through constitutional means. But if we look at the political history in Pakistan, since (1947), the executive branch used to manage the judicial and legislative powers. Controversies arise whether judiciary can intervene in the domain of parliament or not? For this the theory separation of powers is applied to observe the constitutional domain of the three institutions. Under this approach no one whether individual or department has an authority to encroach the constitutional jurisdictions of the others. For this, the different clauses of the constitution are analyzed to observe the theory of separation of powers in the country. This descriptive and analytical study aims to highlight the political development through the involvement of judiciary in the test case of Prime Minister Imran Khan’s removal. The representatives are elected (or rejected through elections) by the people to ensure the fundamental rights of the citizens in parliament. The procedure adopted to change the PTI Government on April 09, 2022 and the role of judiciary seems positive development in the enforcement of rule of law. Finally the study shows that the removal of PM Khan through the parliamentary procedure is a step towards political development.

Sindh has a long tradition of nationalist politics on the basis of Sindhi nationalism. This spirit of nationalism remained present even during the British rule. The demand for separation of Sindh for its separate identity and autonomous status was the nationalistic vision of Sindhis. In this aspect, G. M. Sayed is considered as the founding father of Sindhi nationalism. In post partition era, the Sindhi nationalists were disillusioned by the policies of the state. The strong control of the centre and suppression of provincial autonomy aggravated the situation. The fragile ethnic factor was flourished with immigrants of non-Sindhis. The actual seeds of Sindhi nationalist movement were sown by unification of the West Pakistan as One Unit in 1955, which eroded the separate identity of Sindh. Such policies inflamed the situation and significantly, changed the political dynamics of Sindh. The turning point in politics of Sindh resulted with start of separatist movement for Sindh as “Sindhu Desh”. The separatist movement was led by G. M. Syed under the umbrella of Jeay Sindh Tahreek. Later on, the separatist groups’ splitted but followed G. M. Sayed’s philosophy and continued this movement of separation. This study focuses on the emergence of separatist elements in result of nationalist movement and their effectiveness in politics of Sindh. This paper critically examines the politics of Sindhi nationalism and its impact on politics of Sindh as well as Pakistan.