Aim and Scope

Primary focus of this paper is to test the hypothesis that India-Pakistan nuclear developments challenge the established norms of the Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT). It aims to prove that despite the fact India-Pakistan, though are two different states their nuclear weapon programmes over the course of years have been tangled. Nuclear proliferation in South Asia reveals that how a determined state can acquire necessary fissile material, technology and knowhow to divert nuclear programme for developing nuclear weapons. South Asia enjoys unique status among students of strategic studies because it has become a laboratory to analyse, understand and draw lessons, from the region to overt future crises. Owing to prevailing trust deficit, mutual suspicions and turbulent India-Pakistan history, Pakistan fears Indian aggression and it is posed with security dilemma. Latter’s reliance on nuclear weapons create security dilemma for the former and provides breathing space for conventional and nuclear arms race. Efforts to match or outpace opponent military capabilities result in qualitative and quantitative improvements in nuclear realm. Pakistan’s reliance on nuclear weapons endorses realist dictum that self-help is the only recipe to survive in international anarchic system. Indian nuclear posture determines the fact that only nuclear weapons deter nuclear weapons. Causes of nuclear proliferation in South Asia need to be analyzed with their essential impact upon national security of India-Pakistan and their implication for the NPT.

The concept of faith healing exists in every society. “Faith Healing” refers to the healing achieved by religious faith and prayers. Healing through faith is also referred as “Spiritual Healing” and mostly considered the last and only resort of solution. In Islam, the tradition of spiritual healing was basically derived from the Quran and Sunnah. For the sake of spiritual healing Muslims visit various aalims, pirs, and shrines, recite Quranic verses and offer prayers. The present study has been conducted with the main objective to explore social, economic and religious background of the people who believe and practice faith healing for the solution of their problems. The study explains how faith healing help people in resolving their socio-economic and medical problems and what are the motivating factors which persuade people to approach these faith healers. The study was conducted at Salfi House located in District Rawalpindi, Pakistan to explore relationship between the socio-economic statuses of the female clients and type of treatment they seek from faith healer. The data was collected by employing anthropological techniques including participant observation and in-depth interviews from 77 respondents which were conducted during the period of six months.

The Arab uprising that profoundly transformed the Middle East and North Africa originated from Sidi Bouzid, a small town in Southern Tunisia on 17 December 2010, with the self-immolation of a common young man as a protest against highhandedness of an abusive government official. Within weeks of this event, thousands of young men and women took to the streets in many of the Arab countries, chanting a common slogan “regime change.” The Arabs in all the countries were protesting against their authoritarian regimes with a unified narrative and a deep sense of shared destiny. The Arab Spring” has a lot to do with democracy and self-respect because the people have been victim of prolonged authoritarian rule which deprived them of political empowerment, freedom and social justice. The revolution has been orchestrated by men and women from all walks of life. Aided by technology i.e. cell phones, social media, Face book and Twitter, the educated and globalized young generation of the Arab world has been the main driving force behind the uprising. The Arab uprisings have been profoundly appreciated all over the world. However, there has been skepticism and nervousness in the West as to what will finally emerge out of such extra ordinary political events. Pakistan like the most Arab States is vulnerable to the effects of Arab Spring due to prolonged scourge of terrorism which has dented the fabrics of our society, deteriorating economic conditions and lack of job opportunities coupled with other socio-economic factors and weak governance make Pakistan ideal breeding ground for next round of Arab Spring like situation. This paper will analyze the causes and impact of Arab Spring on the region and draw pertinent lessons for Pakistan proffering comprehensive recommendations at the end.

In the present era, Universities have acquired an importance and magnitude that is unprecedented. These are said to be the agents of change which emphasize augmentation and modification of those facets of society pertinent to culture, socialization and educational ministrations. Therefore, the credibility and attention afforded them is vindicated indeed. The University of Sargodha is one such agent of change that has influenced the Sargodha region in ways that are momentous to say the least. Through this study, an exertion has been made to comprehend the extent of influence and impact that the university has imparted upon the locality designated as Sargodha and its proximate areas. The subjects from whom the requisite data for this study was gathered hail from those dimensions that are readily and profoundly influenced by the University of Sargodha’s presence or aura if you will.

The present research aimed to investigate the personality, perceived stress and coping strategies in early adulthood. It was hypothesized that there is likely to be a significant relationship between personality, perceived stress and coping strategies in early adulthood. The quantitative study design and convenient sampling technique was used for data collection having a sample size of N=180 (70 males and 110 females). Three self reported questionnaires were used for data collection. Personality was measured by Big Five Inventory (BFI) by using its five subscales that are extraversion vs. introversion, agreeableness vs. antagonism, conscientiousness vs. lack of direction, neuroticism vs. emotional stability, and openness vs. closeness to experience (John & Srivastava, 1999). Perceived stress was measured by using perceived stress scale - 14 that was developed by Cohen and his colleagues (1983).Wellness scale, thought control scale, active coping scale, social ease scale, tension reduction scale and spiritual practice scale, the six subscales of Stress Coping Resources Inventory were used to measure the coping strategies.Results indicated that personality subscales are significantly positively correlated with some subscales of coping strategies. It also revealed that perceived stress in negatively correlated with coping strategies and its subscales. However, regression analysis revealed that gender, father’s education, religion and health of the participant are important significant predictors of perceived stress and coping strategies. Furthermore, it was found that Agreeableness and extraversion type of personalities are significant predictors of coping strategies.Result findings also revealed no any significant differences of family system in any main variable of the study.

National Library plays an important role in the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage. This is an evaluative research study of the National Library of Pakistan (NLP) regarding policies, related to Legal Depositary Law and Policy assessment. A questionnaire based survey from the thirty five Library and Information Science Experts was carried out and the response rate was 80.05%. The study’s findings and conclusions are as, legal depository law has not been implemented in Pakistan and publishers are non-cooperative to deposit their publications. The policy contents are weak and not valid to implement. The major changes are required to the policy of the National Library of Pakistan. The study recommended that the management of NLP is responsible to implement the policies, regarding legal deposit, acquisitions, bibliographic control and digitization. The policies must be revised by the experts of Library and Information Science in the light of International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International Federation for Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) standards.

LOST HISTORY: Michael Hamilton Morgan, Pages 301, Published in 2008. National Geographic Society; 1145, 17th St. N.W. Washington D.C.2036. price: U.SS15.95